被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)

一.概念及基本用法

英語(yǔ)中的及物動(dòng)詞有兩種語(yǔ)態(tài)：主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)和被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)。主動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)表示主語(yǔ)是動(dòng)作的承受者。如：

We should plant many trees on the mountains.（主動(dòng)）

我們應(yīng)該在山上種許多樹(shù).

Many trees should be planted on the mountains.（被動(dòng)）

應(yīng)該在山上種許多樹(shù)。

漢語(yǔ)中，我們常用“被”“給”“由”“受”等詞表示被動(dòng)，而英語(yǔ)中的被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)是怎樣構(gòu)成的呢？我們一起往下看。

被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成

總的來(lái)說(shuō)，被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的構(gòu)成為：助動(dòng)詞be+及物動(dòng)詞的過(guò)去分詞。被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)中，助動(dòng)詞be隨主語(yǔ)人稱、數(shù)、時(shí)態(tài)和語(yǔ)氣的不同而變化，具體時(shí)態(tài)形式見(jiàn)下表：被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)的用法

1.當(dāng)不知道或沒(méi)有必要指出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者時(shí)，常用被動(dòng)語(yǔ)態(tài)，此時(shí)往往不用by短語(yǔ)。

This statue was created 500 years ago.

這個(gè)雕塑創(chuàng)作于500年前。

2.突出或強(qiáng)調(diào)動(dòng)作的承受者或事件本身，如果需要說(shuō)出動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，使用by短語(yǔ)。

All the employees except the manager are required to work online at home.

除了經(jīng)理外所有的員工都被要求在家網(wǎng)上辦公。

These songs were composed by Mozart.

這些曲子是由莫扎特創(chuàng)作的。

3.當(dāng)漢語(yǔ)句子的主語(yǔ)既不是動(dòng)作的執(zhí)行者，也不是動(dòng)作的承受者時(shí)，這時(shí)常用in+名詞做狀語(yǔ)，而不用by短語(yǔ)。

More than 20， 000 cars will be produced each year in this factory.

每年，超過(guò)20 000輛汽車將在這個(gè)工廠生產(chǎn)。

4.“get+過(guò)去分詞”可表示被動(dòng)，此結(jié)構(gòu)比較口語(yǔ)化。

Some glasses got broken when we were moving.

我們搬家的時(shí)候有些玻璃杯被打碎了。

二．主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)意義

1.“系動(dòng)詞look， sound， feel， smell， taste， appear， seem， go， prove， turn， stay， become， fall， get， grow， keep+形容詞/名詞”構(gòu)成系表結(jié)構(gòu)。

-Do you like the material？

-Yes， it feels very soft.

——你喜歡這種材料嗎？

——是的，它摸起來(lái)很柔軟。

2.表示主語(yǔ)的某種屬性特征的不及物動(dòng)詞，

如 read，write， sell， wash， clean，wear， open， cook， lock， shut等，可用主動(dòng)形式表示被動(dòng)含義。

No matter how hard he tried， the door wouldn't open.

不管他怎么努力開(kāi)門，門就是打不開(kāi)。

Books of this kind sell well.

這種書(shū)很暢銷。

3.動(dòng)詞want， need， require作“需要”講時(shí)，后接不定式的被動(dòng)形式或動(dòng)名詞的主動(dòng)形式意義相同。

This old house wants painting.= This old house wants to painted.

這座1日房子需要油漆。

This wall needs repairing.= This wall needs to be repaired.

這面墻需要修理。

Those flowers requires watering.= Those flowers requires to be watered.

這些花朵需要澆水。

4.be worth doing 結(jié)構(gòu)，主語(yǔ)+不及物動(dòng)詞（短語(yǔ)）（happen, occur, take place, come about等）

練一練：

1. If city noises _________（keep） from increasing, people _________(have) to shout to be heard even at dinner.

2. The squirrel was very lucky and it just missed _________(catch).

3. -I _________(tell) the sports meet might be put off.   -Yes ， it all depends on the weather.

4. I need one more stamp before my collection______(complete).

5. Rainforests ______(cut) and burned at sucha speed that they will disappear from the earthen the near future.

6. It is reported that many new houses_____________(build) at present in the disaster area.

7. As is often the case, students_________(forbid) to use mobile phones when in high school.

8.The Olympic Games __________(hold) every four years, bringing many benefits to the host cities.

9. We have sometimes accidents on this line, but no accidents have been occurred since last winter.(改錯(cuò))

10.The book was so good that it was sold well.(改錯(cuò))

撰文：雷旭

圖片：無(wú)

審核：丁勁松

上傳：楊佳順