精講精練——狀語從句

【知識(shí)點(diǎn)】

考查狀語從句中連詞的選擇，特殊句式，從句的時(shí)態(tài)語態(tài)，以及狀語從句的省略。

【高考考向】

狀語從句是中學(xué)英語教學(xué)的重點(diǎn)，也是學(xué)生學(xué)習(xí)的難點(diǎn)，狀語從句是一個(gè)較大的語法項(xiàng)目，也是近幾年高考試題中常見的一個(gè)重要考點(diǎn)。完形填空，語法填空，書面表達(dá)都可考察此項(xiàng)語法。

準(zhǔn)確掌握每一個(gè)連詞的含義是掌握狀語從句的關(guān)鍵，同時(shí)要注意主從句的時(shí)態(tài)呼應(yīng)。

【高考真題】

1.(2020·全國卷Ⅲ)As/When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (傳奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed down the river.

2.(2016全國卷3)Over time, as/when  the population grew, people began cutting food into small pieces so it would cook more quickly.

3.(2007 山東卷) While  I really don’t like art, I find his work impressive.

4. (2016江蘇卷) While  some people are motivated by a need for success, others are motivated by a fear of failure.

5.(2017北京卷) Although some birds use their feathers for flight, some of their feathers are for other purposes.

6.(2017江蘇卷) Located where the Belt meets the Road, Jiangsu will contribute more to the Belt and Road construction.
7.(2016 四川) If/When it cried, she rocked it back and forth and gave it little comforting pats.

8.(2015浙江卷) Although/Though I was only a child when I studied in that classroom, I will never forget it.

9.(2018課標(biāo)全國2) The games my parents taught me when I was a child turned out to be very useful later in my life.

10.(2011四川) As is reported, it is over 100 years since Tsinghua University was founded.

概念以及句型特點(diǎn)

(1)概念：狀語從句在復(fù)合句中作狀語，修飾主句中的動(dòng)詞、形容詞、副詞等。

(2)句型特點(diǎn)：

狀語從句可以放在主句之前，也可以放在主句之后。放在主句之前時(shí)，常用逗號(hào)與主句分開；放在主句之后時(shí)，不用逗號(hào)。

一、時(shí)間狀語從句

1. when，while和as引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

While some people are motivated by a need for success，others are motivated by a fear of failure.

盡管有些人被成功的渴望所激勵(lì)，但也有一些人卻被失敗的恐懼所激發(fā)。

2. 表示“一……就……”的連詞引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

(1)as soon as，the moment，the minute，the instant，immediately，directly, each time, every time, the first time

The moment my aunt gained her diploma after four years of hard work，she was filled with joy.我阿姨苦讀四年之后獲得了文憑，那一刻她欣喜萬分。

(2)在hardly...when...，no sooner...than...結(jié)構(gòu)中，主句用過去完成時(shí)，than或when所在的從句用一般過去時(shí)。

I had hardly got to the office when my wife phoned me to go back home at once.

3. before，since引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

(1)before表示“在……之前；還未……就……；還沒有來得及……就……”。常用句式：①It will be/was＋一段時(shí)間＋before...過了……時(shí)間才……；②It won't be/wasn't＋一段時(shí)間＋before...沒過多久就……。

We need to get to the root of the problem before we can solve it.

(2)since意為“自從……以來”，常用句式：It is/has been＋一段時(shí)間＋since從句(常用過去時(shí))。since從句的時(shí)態(tài)若是一般過去時(shí)，主句的時(shí)態(tài)常用現(xiàn)在完成時(shí)或現(xiàn)在完成進(jìn)行時(shí)。

4. till/until引導(dǎo)的時(shí)間狀語從句

She didn't start the lesson until the pupils settled down.

5. every time，each time，next time，the first time，by the time等引導(dǎo)的時(shí)狀

By the time you have finished this book，your meal will get cold.

二、讓步狀語從句

1. although，though，as和while引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

(1)though引導(dǎo)的從句可用倒裝語序，也可不倒裝；although引導(dǎo)的從句不倒裝；as引導(dǎo)的從句必須用倒裝語序。

Although these measures are not effective forever，they are vital for now.

雖然這些措施并不能永遠(yuǎn)有效，但它們目前是至關(guān)重要的。

Hot as/though the night air was，we slept deeply because we were so tired after the long journey.

夜晚的空氣雖然很熱，但因?yàn)殚L途旅行之后很累，我們睡得很沉。

(2)though可用作副詞，意為“然而”，表轉(zhuǎn)折，置于句末。

(3)while引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句，只能置于句首。

(4)as、though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)采用倒裝的兩種特殊情況：

①如果是單數(shù)名詞或形容詞的最高級作表語，不再用冠詞。

Youngest as/though he is in our class，he speaks English best.

②行為動(dòng)詞前置時(shí)，從句主語后面要用may，might，can，could，will，would等情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，若沒有情態(tài)動(dòng)詞，則需加上一個(gè)do(does或did)。若前置的行為動(dòng)詞是及物動(dòng)詞，則其賓語也隨其后一并提前。

Search as they would here and there，they could find nothing in the room.

2. even if與even though 引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

even if/even though引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，表示語氣更強(qiáng)的讓步，意為“即使，即便”。

Tim is in good shape physically even though/even if he doesn't get much exercise.

3. “疑問詞＋-ever”引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)＋-ever表示“無論……”，引導(dǎo)讓步狀語從句時(shí)，相當(dāng)于no matter where(what，who，whom，when，which，how)。

It is generally considered unwise to give a child whatever he or she wants.

4. whether...or...引導(dǎo)的讓步狀語從句

whether...or...意為“無論……還是……”，提供兩種對比情況。

All people，whether they are old or young，rich or poor，have been trying their best to help those in need since the disaster.

三、其他狀語從句

【技法點(diǎn)撥】

在語法填空中, 狀語從句的考查集中在連詞的使用上。解題時(shí)要認(rèn)真分析主、從句之間的邏輯關(guān)系，明確從句表示時(shí)間、地點(diǎn)、條件、原因、讓步、方式、比較等，再根據(jù)各種從句固定使用的連接詞確定正確答案。

【學(xué)生學(xué)情分析】

學(xué)生在近期的學(xué)習(xí)中暴露的主要問題是不能精準(zhǔn)識(shí)別狀語從句，分不清幾大從句的區(qū)別，說明對句式定義把握不準(zhǔn)，翻譯能力還不夠，固定搭配和短語記不牢，需要多加練習(xí)。

【建議變式練習(xí)】

選擇合適的關(guān)系詞或短語填空

1. He had got on the train         I could say goodbye.

2. I didn’t go to bed         I finished my homework.

3.         I finish my homework did I go to bed.

4. Let me know         he comes.

5. He had no sooner seen me         he ran off.

6. I studied day and night        I could pass the exam.

7.        there is a will, there is a way.

8. I’ll come         that I’m well enough.

9. Take a coat         the weather turns cold.

10.         you are not free, you needn’t see me off.

11. The little girl who got lost decided to remain         she was and wait for her

mother.

12. I was so tired         I lost myself during marching.

13.         regular exercise is very important, (yet) it’s never a good idea to exercise too close to bedtime.

14. Try         he might, he could not open the door.

15.         different we may appear to be at first, we are all the same, all equal.

16. I only take on work that excites me      it means turning down lots of money.

17. Mary rushed home______ she heard the news, only ______ that her husband was gone.

18. I study Italian ________ I would be able to read Dante in the original.

答案：

1. before     2.until      3. Not until

4. instantly/immediately/when5. than      6. in order that/so that

7. Where     8. provided/supposing  9. in case

10. Now that/As    11. where     12. that

13. Though/Although   14. as/though    15. However

16. even if     17. immediately;to find  18. so that

撰文：陳曉夏 楊佳順

圖片：無

審核：丁勁松

上傳：楊佳順